金属氧化物和分子筛在CO2环加成中的研究进展

Progress of metal oxide and zeolite in CO2 cycloaddition reactions

摘要:

二氧化碳（CO2）是主要的温室气体，同时也是一种廉价、无毒且可再生的一碳资源，因此将CO2转化为有价值的精细化学品可有效减缓气候变化、助力实现碳中和。CO2与环氧化物的环加成反应具有高原子经济、高选择性、低污染等优点，其产物环状碳酸酯可作为锂离子电池电解质、聚合物材料前体以及精细化学品中间体，应用前景广阔。氧化物因具有结构多样、可调性强等优点在CO2与环氧化物的环加成反应中的应用引起了广泛的关注。文章综述了两种典型且成本低廉、易于规模化生产的氧化物——金属氧化物与分子筛催化CO2与环氧化物的环加成反应的研究进展，重点分析了反应机理以及催化剂的应用。今后的研究重点是高性能无助剂的非均相催化剂的开发以及催化机理的探究。

Abstract:

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a major greenhouse gas, but also a cheap, non-toxic and renewable C1 resource. It is anticipated that the conversion of CO2 into valuable fine chemicals is able to mitigate the climate change and facilitate carbon neutrality. The cycloaddition reaction of epoxide with CO2 has the advantages of high atom economy, high selectivity and low pollution. The product cyclic carbonate can be used as electrolyte for lithium-ion battery, precursor of polymer materials and intermediate of fine chemicals. The oxides have been considered a promising catalyst for cycloaddition reaction because of their diverse structures and controllable acid-base properties. This article reviews the research progress of two typical, low-cost and easily large-scale oxides: metal oxides and zeolite in catalyzing the cycloaddition reaction between CO2 and epoxides, and focuses on the analysis of the reaction mechanism and the application of catalysts. The key points of the future work will be aimed at the development of true inhomogeneous catalysts without additives and a clear mechanism of the reaction.