基于液态金属的纤维复合材料应用研究进展

Research Progress in the Application of Liquid Metal Based Fiber Composites

摘要:

液态金属（Liquid metal，LM）是一种兼具导电性与流动性的功能材料，因其优异的电导率以及形变能力而获得广泛关注。纤维材料作为常见的柔性基底，因其良好的可拉伸性、透气性以及可编织等特点，已在众多领域展现出广阔的应用潜力。为了解决电子元器件柔性差，难以满足可穿戴、智能化要求，从基体和导电材料出发，利用纤维材料的可拉伸变形、柔性等优势与LM的高导电、室温流动性等特点，制备LM基纤维复合材料，已广泛用于人体运动监测、储能等领域。首先，介绍了LM在化学稳定性、电学及热学性能方面的调控策略以及与纤维材料结合的方法，包括涂覆法、注射法和静电纺丝法等；然后，重点阐述了LM基纤维复合材料在传感、电磁屏蔽、能量收集与存储方面的研究进展；最后，就其性能改善以及当前研究中仍然存在的问题，提出建议并展望其未来的发展方向。

Abstract:

Liquid metal is a kind of functional materials with both electrical conductivity and fluidity, and has gained widespread attention for its excellent conductivity and deformation capabilities. Fiber materials, as the common flexible substrate, have shown broad application potential in many fields due to their excellent stretchability, breathability, and weavability. In order to solve the problem of poor flexibility of electronic components and difficulty in meeting wearable and intelligent requirements, starting from the matrix and conductive materials, combining with the advantages of stretchable deformation and flexibility of fiber materials and the high conductivity and room temperature fluidity of liquid metal (LM), LM-based fiber composite materials were prepared, which have been widely used in fields such as human motion monitoring and energy storage. Firstly, the control strategies for the LM in terms of chemical stability, electrical and thermal properties and the methods of combining with fiber materials are introduced, including coating, injection and electrospinning methods. Then, the research progress of LM-based fiber composites in sensing, electromagnetic shielding, energy harvesting and storage are emphasized. Finally, suggestions are proposed for the improving of its performance and addressing the remaining issues in current research, and future development directions are anticipated.