吸附式大气集水技术的探讨、优化与应用突破

Exploration, analysis and breakthrough of adsorptive atmospheric water harvesting processes

摘要:

吸附式大气集水技术利用吸湿材料从空气中吸附水蒸气，通过太阳能驱动解吸，经冷凝收集生产新鲜液态水，已被公认为是干旱地区分散供水的一种有前途的技术。为尽快实现该技术在日常生活、工农业生产等方面的实际应用，科研人员已经进行了大量的探索和实践，并取得了一些突破。本文在简要介绍吸附式大气集水的吸附、解吸、冷凝收集的技术过程基础上，针对解吸阶段进行了着重探讨，详细总结了吸湿材料的吸湿和解吸机理，并基于材料结构和集水器设计，力图阐明提高解吸能力和冷凝效果的优化策略，最后从基础研究和实际应用两个方面，概述了太阳能驱动的吸附式大气集水技术（SAWH）目前面临的挑战，并对该技术的未来发展进行了展望。

Abstract:

Adsorptive atmospheric water harvesting technology, which makes use of hygroscopic materials to adsorb water vapour from the air, desorb it through solar-driven desorption, and collect it through condensation to produce fresh liquid water, has been acknowledged as a promising technology for decentralized water supply in arid areas. In order to realise the practical application of this technology in daily life, industrial and agricultural production, etc. as soon as possible, researchers have carried out a lot of explorations and practices and made some breakthroughs. Based on a brief introduction of the technical process of adsorption, desorption and condensation collection in adsorption atmospheric water harvesting, this paper focuses on the desorption stage, summarises in detail the hygroscopic and desorption mechanisms of moisture-absorbing materials and seeks to elucidate the optimisation strategies to improve the desorption capacity and condensation effect based on the material structure and collector design. Finally, the paper provides an overview of the challenges faced by solar-driven atmospheric water harvesting (SAWH) from the aspects of both basic research and practical application, as well as the outlook of the future development of the technology.