MOFs孔结构对其固定化酶性能的影响进展

Progress in understanding the influence of MOFs porosity on the property of immobilized enzymes

摘要:

固定化酶是实现酶制剂产业化应用的有效途径,其中载体的设计是影响固定化酶效果的关键因素。金属有机框架(MOFs)是结构高度有序的多孔材料,具有构效关系明确、孔结构均一、孔道性质与化学性质原子层面可调可设计、易化学修饰等特点,是一种理想的载酶材料,近年来作为酶载体方面的研究已有较大进展。前人已将MOFs作为固定化酶载体的方法与应用进行了充分的综述,但少有工作系统总结孔结构对固定化酶催化效果的影响。本文以孔结构对固定化酶性能的影响为主题,首先对MOFs孔结构影响因素与形成机理进行了分析,继而综述了酶在笼型空穴与通道型孔这两种典型孔中负载的进展及孔结构对酶的影响。最后指出多级孔对在固定化酶传质强化意义以及开发孔-酶匹配MOFs的重要性,同时分析了利用MOFs自身催化能力在纳米尺度内构建高效化学-酶级联催化剂的优势,以及通过微环境强化酶催化过程的可行性。

Abstract:

Enzyme immobilization is a promising approach for the industrial application of enzymes, and the design of the carrier is a key factor. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is highly ordered porous materials with clear structure-function relationships, uniform pore aperture distribution, tunable and designable porosity at the atomic level. There have been significant advances in the research of MOFs as enzyme carriers in the past ten years, and the related methods and applications have been systematically reviewed previously. However, few review focus on the influence of porosity on property of immobilized enzyme. Thus, this review focuses on the systematic introduction of the influence of pore structure on the properties of immobilized enzyme. Firstly, the formation mechanism of MOFs pores is analyzed, followed by a review of the progress in loading enzymes in cage-type cavities and channel-type pores, as well as the influence of porosity on catalysis process. As prospect, the advantages of hierarchical porosity in substrate diffusion and the importance of developing porosity - enzyme matched MOFs are discussed firstly. Then, the advantages of fabricating MOFs-Enzyme cascade catalyzer with minimized diffusion resistance within confinement under nanoscale,and the enhancement of enzymatic catalysis through microenvironment adjustment are analyzed as well.