具有自组装特性的有机小分子材料研究进展

Research progress on organic small molecule materials with self-assembly characteristics

摘要:

具有自组装特性的有机小分子结构一般由三部分构成：分子一端为锚定基团，另一端为调控性能的尾部基团，中间通过主链相连。此类分子通常采用硅烷类、硫醇类、酸类等作为锚定基团；尾部基团一般由吸电子基团或供电子基团构成；主链一般由不同长度的烷基链或芳香环组成。本文综述了近十几年来具有自组装特性的有机分子结构的特点和性质，并总结其在光电、生物医学、传感及防腐领域的应用。通过比较此类分子自组装成膜改性器件的优缺点，总结其构效关系，并结合本课题组的研究，对此类分子提出了一定的设想。

Abstract:

The structure of small organic molecules with self-assembly characteristics is generally composed of three parts: one end of the molecule is the anchor group, the other end is the tail group that regulates the performance, and the middle is connected by a backbone. Such molecules usually use silanes, thiols, acids, etc. as anchor groups; The tail group is generally composed of an electron-withdrawing group or an electron-donor group; The backbone is generally composed of alkyl or aromatic chains of different lengths. This article presents an overview of the attributes and properties exhibited by these self-assembling molecular architectures over the past decade and summarizes their applications in optoelectronics, biomedical science, sensing, and corrosion prevention domains. By comparing the advantages and disadvantages of such molecular self-assembly film-forming modified devices, the structure-activity relationship is summarized, and some assumptions are put forward for such molecules in combination with the research of our group.