淀粉基水凝胶的制备及应用进展

Preparation and application progress of the starch-based hydrogel

摘要:

水凝胶是由亲水性聚合物链交联形成的具有三维网络结构的高分子材料，具有强大的吸水保水性能；淀粉是一种环境友好型的天然多糖。以淀粉为基材制备的淀粉基水凝胶具有生物相容性好、生物降解性强，以及对溶剂的吸收能力优异等特性。本文首先简述了常用的淀粉改性方法，包括物理改性、化学改性、酶改性及复合改性等。然后重点综述了淀粉基水凝胶的制备和应用进展：淀粉基水凝胶的制备方法包括了形成共价刚性网络的化学交联、形成可逆非共价键网络的物理交联和结合化学物理交联优势的双交联；淀粉基水凝胶已经广泛应用在生物传感器、医用敷料、药物运输载体、组织工程支架、农业土壤保护等领域，如何在拓展淀粉基水凝胶的功能性的同时保持良好的生物可降解性能，是淀粉基水凝胶应用所面临的挑战。最后，展望了交联剂、引发剂的绿色开发，双网络、纳米材料创新引入，以及导电、抗菌等复合功能拓展等淀粉基水凝胶的发展方向.

Abstract:

Hydrogel is a polymer material formed by hydrophilic polymer chain with 3 D network structure and with strong water absorption and water retention; starch is an environmentally friendly natural polysaccharide. The starch-based hydrogel prepared with starch as the substrate has good biocompatibility, strong biodegradability, and excellent solvent absorption capacity. This paper first briefly describes the common starch modification methods, including physical modification, chemical modification, enzyme modification and compound modification. Then the preparation and application of starch-based hydrogel: the preparation method of starch-based hydrogel includes chemical cross-linking, reversible physical cross-linking; it has been widely used in biological sensors, medical dressings, drug transport carriers, tissue engineering stents, agricultural soil protection, how to improve the functionality of starch-based hydrogel. Finally, the development direction of starch-based hydrogel, such as the green development of crosslinking agents and initiators, the introduction of dual network, and the expansion of composite functions such as conductivity and antibacterial, is discussed.