碳基材料强化相变材料导热性能的研究进展

Research progress of carbon-based materials to enhance thermal conductivity of phase change materials

摘要:

有机相变材料具有潜热高、过冷度小、无相分离和成本较低等优良特性，广泛应用于相变储能领域，但其缺陷是热导率低。碳基材料作为性能优异的导热增强剂，具有热导率高、比表面积大、质量轻、可塑性强等特点，而且易被加工为从一维到三维的各种形状的结构，具有良好的应用场景适应性，广泛用于相变储能领域增强导热性能。该文综述了一维、二维、三维碳基材料改性有机相变材料的研究进展，其中三维碳基材料，或可构筑为三维结构的低维碳基材料，具有更为优异的综合性能，一方面三维骨架结构可为相变材料构建连续的导热通路，提高相变材料的热导率；另一方面碳基材料的多孔结构能够提供较强的表面张力和毛细管力，有效防止相变材料的液相泄漏。通过综述分析，总结了碳基材料在改善有机相变材料热导率、液相泄漏、热性能等方面取得的效果，并展望了碳基材料改性有机相变材料在实际推广应用中可能存在的问题及未来的发展方向。

Abstract:

Known for high latent heat, small subcooling, no phase separation and low cost, organic phase change materials are widely applied in the field of phase change energy storage. However, their thermal conductivity is low. As excellent thermal conductivity enhancers, carbon-based materials boast the characteristics of high thermal conductivity, large specific surface area, light weight and strong plasticity, and can be easily processed into various shapes from one-dimensional to three-dimensional structures, with good application scenarios adaptability. Therefore, carbon-based materials are largely used in the field of phase change energy storage to enhance thermal conductivity. This article reviews the research progress on one-dimensional, two-dimensional and three-dimensional carbon-based materials modifying organic phase change materials. Among them, the three-dimensional carbon-based materials or low dimensional carbon-based materials that can be constructed into three-dimensional structures, are found to outperform comprehensively. On the one hand, the three-dimensional skeleton structure can build a continuous heat conduction path for phase change materials and improve the thermal conductivity of phase change materials. On the other hand, the porous structure of carbon-based materials can provide strong surface tension and capillary force to effectively prevent liquid phase leakage of phase change materials. Through thorough analysis, the effects of carbon-based materials on improving the thermal conductivity, liquid phase leakage and thermal properties of organic phase change materials are summarized, and the possible problems in practical application and future development direction of carbon-based materials modifying organic phase change materials are foreseen.