基于不同储能机制水系锌离子电池正极材料的改性与展望

Research status and prospects of cathode materials for aqueous zinc-ion batteries based on different energy storage mechanisms

摘要:

应用于水系锌离子(AZIBs)的正极材料现已经取得了许多引人瞩目的突破,然而,这些正极材料普遍存在结构稳定性差、材料溶解、材料骨架之间存在严重的静电相互作用和导电性差等亟待解决的问题,需要进一步的研究和关键性技术的支持。二氧化锰(MnO₂)作为AZIBs正极材料的储能机理较其他材料复杂且一直存在争议,是限制Zn//MnO₂电池应用前景的主要因素。因此,本文提供了最新MnO₂基正极材料的特征和储能机制的全面总结,批判性地回顾了MnO₂基正极材料的基本问题和相应的深层次原因,系统地总结和讨论了最近的工作报道中的优化策略。最后,基于MnO₂在不同储能机制中存在的问题,结合最新研究进展,综述了一系列推动Zn//MnO₂电池商业化的关键性挑战,为AZIBs未来的研究趋势提供了相关思路和展望。 关键词：二氧化锰；正极材料；储能机制；优化策略中图分类号：TQ630 文献标识码： A 文章编号：

Abstract:

A considerable number of achievements based on cathode materials have been demonstrated for AZIB. Nevertheless, commonly cathode materials are challenged with persistent issues that remain to be further studied and support from key technologies, including weak structural stability, cathode dissolution, severe electrostatic interaction and poor electric conductibility. The energy storage mechanism of manganese dioxide (MnO₂) as the cathode material of AZiBs is more complex than other materials and has been controversial, which is the main factor limiting the application prospect of Zn//MnO₂ batteries. Therefore, this paper provides a comprehensive summary of the characteristics and energy storage mechanisms of the latest MnO2-based cathode materials, critically reviews the basic problems and corresponding deep-seated reasons of MnO₂-based cathode materials, and systematically summarizes and discusses the optimization strategies in recent work reports. Finally, based on the problems existing in different energy storage mechanisms of MnO₂, combined with the latest research progress, a series of key challenges to promote the commercialization of Zn//MnO₂ batteries are summarized, providing relevant ideas and prospects for the future research trend of AZBs.