中国海水直接制氢商业化前景与展望

Commercial prospect of direct seawater electrolysis for hydrogen production in China

摘要:

海水中含有92种杂质离子，会对制氢过程产生严重影响，因此相较于常规电解水制氢，海水直接电解制氢工况会对关键材料和关键设备提出更高的要求。目前，海水直接电解制氢不仅存在较多的技术壁垒，且在工程化或大型化方面也面临较多问题与挑战，整体制氢成本也很难占据优势，以上问题均在一定程度上限制了其商业化发展。本文首先概述了海水直接电解制氢技术的主要反应机理、技术难点以及研究进展，综述了针对阴离子腐蚀、阳离子沉积以及杂质离子副反应的解决措施与技术突破，具体包括阴阳极电极材料开发、电解液调控、反应替代与系统集成优化等方面，最后对我国海水直接电解制氢商业化存在的问题进行深入剖析并对其商业化前景以及方向的拓展进行了展望。

Abstract:

There are 92 kinds of impurity ions in seawater, causing a serious impact on hydrogen production process. Compared with conventional water electrolysis, there will be severe criteria on critical materials and equipments for direct seawater electrolysis. There are still many technical barriers, challenges in engineering or large-scale for direct seawater electrolysis, and there are no advantages of the cost of whole process, limiting its commercial development extremely. In this paper, the reaction mechanism, technological difficulties and research progress are first summarized. Then, the solution and technological breakthroughs for anionic corrosion, cationic deposition and the side reactions of impurity ions are reviewed, including anode/cathode electrodes, electrolyte regulation, reaction substitution and system integration optimization. In the end, the commercial challenges and existing problems in direct seawater electrolysis are analyzed and commercial prospect is prospected.