耐高温非织造过滤材料的制备及功能化研究进展

Advances in the preparation and functionalization of high temperature resistant nonwoven filtration materials

摘要:

耐高温非织造过滤材料具有出色的耐热性能和结构强度，在工业高温烟尘处理技术中占据首选地位。本文综述了耐高温非织造过滤材料的制备技术和功能化改性的最新研究进展。首先阐述了耐高温非织造过滤材料的制备技术和过滤机理，对比介绍针刺法、水刺法、熔喷纺丝法、静电纺丝法、离心纺丝和气流纺丝各项制备技术的优势和缺点，简述布朗扩散、惯性冲击、重力沉降、粒子拦截和静电吸附这五种影响纤维材料过滤效率的主要过滤机理；然后重点论述耐高温过滤材料后整理工艺和功能化改性策略，通过涂层整理、覆膜处理和溶胶浸渍引入特殊功能团体，特别是采用表面改性、纳米技术整合和催化剂应用，增强耐高温过滤材料催化脱硝脱硫和降解二噁英、吸附重金属等处理特定污染物的能力；最后，展望了耐高温非织造过滤材料在耐热性、机械稳定性和环保性能上的进一步改进方向。

Abstract:

High-temperature resistant nonwoven filtration materials with excellent heat resistance and structural strength are the preferred choice in industrial high-temperature fume treatment technology.This paper reviews the recent research progress in the preparation technology and functionalized modification of high temperature resistant nonwoven filtration materials.Firstly, the preparation technology and filtration mechanism of high-temperature resistant nonwoven filtration materials are elaborated, and the advantages and shortcomings of the preparation technologies of needle-punching, hydroentanglement, meltblown spinning, electrostatic spinning, centrifugal spinning, and airflow spinning are compared to the advantages and shortcomings of each preparation technology, and the five main filtration mechanisms affecting the filtration efficiency of fibrous materials, including Brownian diffusion, inertial impact, gravitational sedimentation, particle interception, and electrostatic adsorption, are briefly described.Then focusing on the finishing process and functionalization modification strategy of high temperature resistant filter materials.Introduction of special functional groups through coating finishing, laminating treatment and sol-gel impregnation, especially the use of surface modification, nanotechnology integration and catalyst application, to enhance the ability of high-temperature resistant filter materials to catalyze denitrification and desulfurization and to degrade dioxins, adsorb heavy metals and other treatment of specific pollutants.Finally, the direction of further improvement of high-temperature resistant nonwoven filtration materials in terms of heat resistance, mechanical stability, and environmental performance is envisioned.