生物质强韧化改性聚乳酸基复合材料的研究进展

Recent progress on polylactic acid based composites with the toughening modification using biomass

摘要:

聚乳酸（PLA）是以乳酸为原料聚合得到的聚酯类聚合物，是一种无毒、无刺激、生物相容性好以及生物可降解的新型材料，已应用于包装、医疗和农业等领域。然而，PLA存在脆性高、耐热性差等缺点，极大地限制了其更广泛的应用。对PLA进行强韧化改性是解决上述缺点的有效途径。本文从添加韧性材料共混改性聚乳酸的角度，综述了近年来国内外利用生物质强韧化改性聚乳酸的研究进展。对典型强韧化改性体系涉及的界面增容等基本原理、熔融共混等技术方法、复合材料力学强度以及当前强韧化改性体系存在的问题进行了分析和总结。最后，对生物质增强聚乳酸复合材料的未来研究的重点方向和关键难题进行了展望。

Abstract:

Polylactic acid (PLA) is a polyester polymer obtained by polymerizing lactic acid as the raw material. It is a new type of material with non-toxicity, nonirritant, biocompatibility and biodegradability. Given this, PLA has been used in the fields of packaging, medicine, and agriculture. However, PLA suffers from several disadvantages, such as high brittleness and poor heat resistance, which greatly limit its application in a wider range of fields. Toughening modification of PLA is an effective way to solve the above-mentioned drawbacks. From the perspective of modifying PLA by blending with ductile materials, the research progress on toughening modification of PLA using biomass at home and abroad in recent years was introduced. Besides, the basic principles (e.g., improved interfacial compatibility), methods (e.g., melt blending) and mechanical strengths of composites involved in the typical toughening modification systems as well as the existing issues were analyzed and summarized. Finally, the key directions of future research on biomass-reinforced PLA composites and the key issues that need to be solved are prospected.