可降解静电纺丝纤维材料的油水分离应用进展

Research progress on degradable electrospun nanofibrous materials in oil-water separation

摘要:

随着含油废水的污染日益严重，高效、经济、环境友好的油水分离技术成为当前的迫切需求。可降解静电纺丝纤维材料因其独特一维特征结构而表现出高效的油水分离效率及生物可降解性，受到人们广泛的关注。该文概括了传统油水分离方法的原理和优缺点，并分析了可降解静电纺丝纤维材料的种类及优势；深入分析了油水乳液的特征，并通过不同的模型阐释了润湿性原理，重点强调了液体在纳米纤维表面的润湿行为及聚合物分子的本体特征、纤维表面粗糙度以及外界条件对润湿性的影响；通过探究亲水疏油、亲油疏水及可控油水分离3种类型可降解静电纺丝纤维材料在油水分离领域中的研究现状，重点分析和归纳了表面浸润性和透过率两个方面对油水分离性能的调控作用；最后，对此类材料面临的挑战进行了总结和展望。

Abstract:

With the increasingly serious contamination caused by oily wastewater, efficient, economical and environmentally friendly oil-water separation technology has become an urgent need. Biodegradable electrospun materials have been widely concerned by researchers because of their unique one-dimensional characteristic structure, which shows high efficiency of oil-water separation and biodegradation. This summary outlines the principles, advantages, and disadvantages of traditional oil-water separation methods, and analyzes the advantages and categories of biodegradable electrospun materials. Then, it provides an in-depth analysis of the characteristics of oil-water emulsions and elucidates the principles of wettability through various models, emphasizing the wetting behavior of liquids on nanofibrous materials and the impact of polymer bulk properties, fiber surface roughness, and external conditions on wettability. By exploring the research status of three types of biodegradable electrospun materials for oil-water separation, namely hydrophilic-oleophobic, oleophilic-hydrophobic, and controllable oil-water separation materials, the regulatory roles of surface wettability and permeability in influencing oil-water separation performance were analyzed and summarized. Finally, a summary and outlook are provided regarding the challenges faced by such materials.