生物质气凝胶隔热复合材料的研究进展

Research progress of biomass aerogel thermal insulation composites

摘要:

为应对全球性能源消耗增加和环境问题日益严峻，推动“双碳”战略的实施，以此来促进产业可持续发展是至关重要的。其中，合理利用储量丰富和环保的生物质资源，是推进传统隔热保温材料转型升级的关键。生物质气凝胶是一种新型多孔材料，不仅表现出不逊于传统气凝胶的优良性能，如低密度、高孔隙率和高比表面积等，还凭借其原料可再生性和“固碳”性等独特优势，在隔热保温应用中具有广阔的发展前景。该文重点介绍了生物质气凝胶的制备方法与分类，并对生物质气凝胶复合材料在建筑、汽车工业、包装、海水淡化领域中的隔热应用进行了阐述。最后提出了生物质气凝胶面临的挑战：要达到经济、环保、高效制备要求；要满足在不同应用领域环境下的使用需求；要拓宽生物质气凝胶隔热复合材料的应用前景。同时对未来的研究作了展望：设计绿色的可回收再利用的实验体系、简化工艺流程；优化制备工艺、开发适应特定应用的功能化材料；研究开发其他生物质材料、探寻新的应用领域。

Abstract:

In the face of increasing global energy consumption and increasingly severe environmental problems, it is particularly urgent to promote the implementation of "dual carbon" strategy. Promoting the sustainable development of the industry through the implementation of this strategy is essential to address these challenges. The rational use of abundant and environmentally friendly biomass resources is key to promoting the transformation and upgrading of traditional insulation materials. Biomass aerogel is a new type of porous material, which not only shows excellent properties comparable to traditional aerogel, such as low density, high porosity and high specific surface area, but also has a broad development prospect in insulation applications due to its unique advantages of renewable raw materials and “carbon sequestration”. This article focuses on the preparation methods and classification of biomass aerogel, and elaborates on the thermal insulation applications of biomass aerogel composite materials in the fields of construction, automotive industry, packaging, and desalination. Finally, the challenges faced by biomass aerogel are put forward: to meet the requirements of economic, environmental protection and high efficiency preparation; To meet the needs of use in different application fields; The application prospect of biomass aerogel thermal insulation composites should be broadened. At the same time, the future research is prospected: design a green recyclable experimental system and simplify the process flow; Optimize the preparation process and develop functional materials adapted to specific applications; Research and develop other biomass materials, and explore new application fields.