山梨醇脱水制异山梨醇非均相酸催化剂的研究进展

Research Progress on Heterogeneous Acid Catalysts for Dehydration of Sorbitol to Isosorbitol

摘要:

异山梨醇是重要的生物基功能性材料，因其具有手性中心和刚性分子结构，作为生物基中间体，被广泛应用于生物基可降解聚合物的合成及共聚改性，也作为有机合成中间体，被应用在生物医药、食品饮料、化妆品等多种领域。在现阶段工业生产中，以山梨醇为原料脱水制备异山梨醇，通常选用浓硫酸等作为均相催化剂，该法存在产物难分离、设备易腐蚀、生产成本高、环境污染严重等问题，因此，设计开发新型、绿色、高效的非均相酸催化剂已成为近些年山梨醇脱水制备异山梨醇的研究热点。该文简述了山梨醇脱水制备异山梨醇的反应机理，总结了目前普遍研究的均相酸催化剂（包括Bronsted酸、Lewis酸、新型离子液体）和非均相酸催化剂（包括分子筛、负载型金属盐及其氧化物、固体杂多酸、离子交换树脂、碳质催化剂）等的研究现状，分析了各类催化剂的优缺点，针对现阶段基于山梨醇脱水制备异山梨醇的非均相酸催化剂不足之处，指出要进一步研究相关的反应动力学，阐明反应机制，设计高效稳定的催化体系，并优化工艺条件。

Abstract:

Isosorbitol is a crucial bio-based functional material, valued for its chiral center and rigid molecular structure characteristics, as a bio-based intermediate, it is widely used in the synthesis and copolymerization modification of the bio-based degradable polymers. As an organic synthesis intermediate, it is used in many fields such as biomedicine, food and beverage, and cosmetics. Currently, industrial production involves dehydrating sorbitol using a homogeneous acid like concentrated sulfuric acid as catalysts. However, this method presents significant challenges such as complex product separation, equipment corrosion, high costs, and environmental harm. Consequently, developing new, environmentally friendly, and efficient heterogeneous acid catalysts for sorbitol dehydration to produce isosorbitol has emerged as a recent research focus. This article briefly outlines key factors influencing sorbitol dehydration, It provides an overview of current research on Bronsted acid catalysts, Lewis acid catalysts, ionic liquid catalysts, and heterogeneous acid catalysts, including molecular sieves, supported metal salts and their oxides, solid hetero-poly acids, ion exchange resins, and carbonaceous catalysts. It evaluates the pros and cons of these catalysts and identifies shortcomings in heterogeneous acid catalysts specifically for preparing isosorbitol from sorbitol dehydration. The article emphasizes the need for further research into reaction kinetics, a deeper understanding of reaction mechanisms, and the design of robust and efficient catalytic systems to optimize process conditions.