金属有机框架材料的制备及应用研究进展

Progress in preparation and application of metal-organic frameworks

摘要:

金属有机框架（MOFs）材料因具有高比表面积、高孔隙率、高热稳定性等优点，广泛应用在吸附分离、催化、储能等领域，已成为新材料领域的研究热点。MOFs材料的制备方法直接影响其形貌和性能，探寻高效、环保、绿色的制备方法对于MOFs材料的研究至关重要。该文首先介绍了MOFs材料的传统制备方法，包括水热/溶剂热法、超声法、微波法、电化学法以及机械合成法等，简述了以气相沉积法、界面合成法、微流控法等为代表的新颖MOFs制备方法，并归纳总结了不同制备方法的优缺点及适用范围；然后，重点综述了MOFs材料在吸附分离、储能、催化、生物医学等领域的应用研究进展；最后，对MOFs材料在快速、绿色、规模化制备和应用机理研究，以及复合材料构筑3个未来发展方向进行了展望。

Abstract:

Since the 1990s, the preparation and application of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted extensive research and reporting. As a hot topic in the research field of new materials, MOFs materials demonstrate advantages such as high specific surface area, high porosity, and high thermal stability, and find wide applications in numerous fields like adsorption separation, catalysis, and energy storage. The preparation method directly influences the morphology and properties of MOFs materials, and efficient, environmentally friendly, and green preparation methods represent the prevailing trend. This paper first introduces the traditional preparation methods of MOFs materials, including hydrothermal/solvothermal method, ultrasonic method, microwave method, electrochemical method, and mechanical synthesis method, etc. It briefly describes novel MOFs preparation methods represented by vapor deposition method, interface synthesis method, and microfluidic method, and summarizes the advantages, disadvantages, and application scopes of different synthesis methods. Subsequently, it focuses on reviewing the latest research progress in the applications of MOFs materials in fields such as adsorption separation, energy storage, catalysis, and biomedicine. Finally, it provides an outlook on three future development directions of MOFs materials, namely the research on rapid, green, and large - scale preparation and application mechanisms, and the construction of composite materials.