疏水缔合聚合物压裂增稠剂的研究进展

Research progress of hydrophobic associative polymer fracturing thickener

摘要:

疏水缔合聚合物压裂增稠剂合成原料来源广泛，成本可控，对环境友好，具有独特的两亲结构，相较于天然产物增稠剂和普通合成聚合物增稠剂，其具有更加优异的耐温、耐盐及耐剪切性能，成为开发非常规油气藏的重要试剂之一。随着疏水缔合聚合物压裂增稠剂应用场景和用途的不断拓展，研究者围绕其进行了一系列系统而深入的研究。本文首先简述疏水缔合聚合物压裂增稠剂的合成方法，并介绍疏水缔合聚合物压裂增稠剂的增稠机理和影响因素；然后系统综述基于不同疏水单体（长链烷基型、季铵盐型、烷基聚醚型、孪尾型、双取代型和复合型）结构分类的疏水缔合聚合物压裂增稠剂性能特征、作用机制及“压裂驱油（气）一体化”等应用方式；最后对疏水缔合聚合物压裂增稠剂的发展进行了展望，指出应进行精细优化重组及协同构筑，从新的维度优化体系性能，推动此研究领域向着协同创新及一体化建设的方向发展。

Abstract:

Hydrophobic associative polymer fracturing thickeners have a wide range of raw material sources, controllable costs, environmental friendliness, and unique amphiphilic structures. Compared with natural product thickeners and ordinary synthetic polymer thickeners, they have superior temperature, salt, and shear resistance, making them an important reagent for opening unconventional oil and gas reservoirs. With the continuous expansion of the application scenarios and uses of hydrophobic associative polymer fracturing thickeners, researchers have conducted a series of systematic and in-depth studies around it. This article first describes the synthesis method of hydrophobic associative polymer fracturing thickeners, and introduces the thickening mechanism and influencing factors of hydrophobic associative polymer fracturing thickeners. Then, a systematic review is conducted on the performance characteristics, mechanism of action, and application methods for integrated fracturing and oil (gas) displacement of hydrophobic associative polymer fracturing thickeners based on the structural classification of different hydrophobic monomers (long-chain alkyl type, quaternary ammonium salt type, alkyl polyether type, twin tail type, double substituted type, and composite type). Finally, the development of hydrophobic associative polymer fracturing thickeners is discussed, and it is pointed out that fine optimization, recombination, and collaborative construction should be carried out to optimize system performance from a new dimension, promoting the development of this research field towards collaborative innovation and integrated construction.