高吸水性树脂的研究进展

Research progress of super absorbent resin

摘要:

近年来，高吸水性树脂因具有良好的吸水性和保水性等特点，在农业、医疗卫生材料、重金属废水处理、建筑等方面得到了广泛的应用。该文分析了高吸水性树脂的结构，从原料来源的不同对高吸水性树脂进行了分类，如合成树脂类、天然高分子类和复合材料类，综述了高吸水性树脂的合成方法，讨论了国内外对溶液聚合、反相悬浮聚合、反相乳液聚合、本体聚合、辐射聚合等方法的研究进展及优缺点。最后对高吸水性树脂性能的提升和研究方向进行了分析，并提出一方面要以生物基为原料，利用新型纳米改性材料继续开发环保型高吸水性树脂；另一方面还要继续深入研究高吸水性树脂的吸水机理、聚合机理和溶胀动力学，同时进一步优化工艺，降低成本，从而拓展其在农业、生物材料和医疗等领域的应用。

Abstract:

In recent years, super absorbent resin has been widely used in agriculture, medical and health materials, heavy metal wastewater treatment, construction and other aspects due to its good water absorption and water retention. In this paper, the structure of super absorbent resin was analyzed, and the super absorbent resin was classified from different sources of raw materials, such as synthetic resin, natural polymer and composite material. The synthesis methods of super absorbent resin were reviewed. The research progress, advantages and disadvantages of solution polymerization, reverse suspension polymerization, inverse emulsion polymerization and radiation polymerization at home and abroad were discussed. Finally, the performance improvement and research direction of super absorbent resin were analyzed, and it was proposed that on the one hand, bio-based materials should be used as raw materials, and new nano-modified materials should be used to continue to develop environmentally friendly super absorbent resin. On the other hand, it is necessary to continue to study the water absorption mechanism, polymerization mechanism and swelling kinetics of super absorbent resin, and further optimize the process and reduce the cost, so as to expand its application in agriculture, biomaterials and medical fields.