精油恢复嗅觉功能障碍的研究进展

Research progress of essential oils in restoring olfactory dysfunction

摘要:

全球范围内，COVID-19大流行引发了嗅觉功能障碍病例的急剧增加。目前，对于嗅觉功能障碍的治疗面临着多重挑战，包括缺乏统一的治疗标准、类固醇等药物长期使用存在耐药性风险、以及鼻内镜手术带来的不可逆损伤等。而精油及其挥发性成分具有抗炎、抗病毒等生物活性，有助于嗅觉功能的恢复。此外，精油的特殊活性还能够进一步增强嗅觉神经的再生能力。该文对气味感知机制与嗅觉功能障碍的临床病因进行了总结：COVID-19、神经退行性疾病和鼻炎介导嗅觉功能障碍的机制主要包括病毒感染、炎症和乙酰胆碱酯酶过度活跃。在此基础上，从不同生物活性的视角深入探讨了精油治疗嗅觉功能障碍的可能性，并从精油递送方面详细讨论其临床应用前景，旨在为嗅觉功能障碍治疗领域提供清晰深入的见解。

Abstract:

Globally, the COVID-19 pandemic has triggered a dramatic increase in cases of olfactory dysfunction. At present, the treatment of olfactory dysfunction faces multiple challenges, including the lack of uniform treatment standards, the risk of drug resistance to long-term use of steroids and other drugs, and irreversible damage caused by endoscopic sinus surgery. Essential oils and their volatile components have anti-inflammatory, antiviral and other biological activities, contributing to the recovery of olfactory function. In addition, the special activity of essential oils can further enhance the regeneration ability of the olfactory nerve. This article summarizes the mechanisms of odor perception and the clinical etiology of olfactory dysfunction: the mechanisms of olfactory dysfunction mediated by COVID-19, neurodegenerative diseases and rhinitis mainly include viral infection, inflammation and acetylcholinesterase hyperactivity. On this basis, the possibility of essential oils in the treatment of olfactory dysfunction is explored from the perspective of different biological activities, and its clinical application prospects are discussed in detail from the perspective of essential oils delivery, aiming to provide clear and in-depth insights in the field of olfactory dysfunction treatment.