海藻酸钠-赤藓红涂膜处理对马铃薯绿变的抑制作用

Inhibitory Effect of Sodium Alginate-Erythrosine Coating onPotato Greening

摘要:

在运输和储存过程中，马铃薯块茎易发生变绿现象，这不仅严重影响其产品质量，还会造成巨大的经济损失，严重制约了马铃薯产业的可持续发展。为了抑制马铃薯块茎绿变，该文以赤藓红（ERY）和海藻酸钠（SA）为原料，以丙三醇（Gly）为增塑剂，共混制备SA-ERY复合膜，并通过单因素实验优化反应条件。基于SEM、TGA、UV-Vis和力学测试，考察反应条件对SA-ERY复合膜物性、机械性能和光学特性的影响，以及对水蒸气、氧气和二氧化碳透过性能的影响；通过马铃薯块茎的光照处理实验，探究SA-ERY复合膜对马铃薯块茎绿变的抑制效果。结果表明，SA、甘油（Gly）和ERY加入量 分别为2.0%、0.6%和0.1%（以SA-ERY复合溶液总质量计）时，SA-ERY复合膜展现出最佳的机械性能；ERY与SA分子间主要通过氢键和静电相互作用结合，当ERY加入量为0.4%时，复合膜的结晶度和热稳定性得到显著提升。SA-ERY复合膜在波长450~550 nm范围内呈现U型吸收曲线，表现出对蓝光的选择性阻隔特性。贮藏3 d时，经SA-ERY复合膜处理的马铃薯块茎叶绿素含量较0 d显著增加（P＜0.05），但与SA组和对照组相比，分别降低25.59%和31.28%，证实其作用机制为通过阻隔蓝光有效地抑制绿变。

Abstract:

During transportation and storage, potato tubers are prone to greening, which severely affects product quality and causes significant economic losses, thereby hindering the sustainable development of the potato industry. To suppress potato tuber greening, this study prepared a sodium alginate-erythrosine (SA-ERY) composite film using erythrosine (ERY) and sodium alginate (SA) as raw materials, with glycerol (Gly) as a plasticizer, and optimized the reaction conditions through single-factor experiments. The effects of reaction conditions on the physical properties, mechanical performance, and optical characteristics of the SA-ERY composite film were investigated using SEM, TGA, UV-Vis, and mechanical tests, as well as its influence on water vapor, oxygen, and carbon dioxide barrier properties. Additionally, the inhibitory effect of the SA-ERY composite film on potato tuber greening was evaluated through light exposure experiments. The results showed that when the addition amounts of SA, glycerol (Gly), and ERY were 2.0%, 0.6%, and 0.1% (based on the total mass of the SA-ERY composite solution), respectively, the SA-ERY composite film exhibited optimal mechanical properties. ERY and SA molecules primarily interacted through hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions. When the ERY content reached 0.4%, the crystallinity and thermal stability of the composite film were significantly improved. The SA-ERY composite film displayed a U-shaped absorption curve in the 450–550 nm wavelength range, demonstrating selective blue-light-blocking properties. After 3 days of storage, the chlorophyll content in potato tubers treated with the SA-ERY composite film increased significantly compared to day 0 (P < 0.05), but was 25.59% and 31.28% lower than that of the SA-treated group and the control group, respectively. This confirms that the mechanism of action involves effectively inhibiting greening by blocking blue light.