多聚季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂的制备及降黏、乳化发泡性能

Preparation and viscosity-reducing, emulsifying and foaming properties of polyquaternary cationic surfactants

摘要:

为了开发出表面活性更高的表面活性剂，并研究疏水链长度对表面活性的影响 ，以三聚氰胺和环氧氯丙烷和不同烷基链（C12、C14、C16）长度的N,N-二甲基烷基胺为原料，经两步法制备了含刚性三嗪间隔基的多聚季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂Tz-6CnQC（n＝12、14、16）。采用FTIR、1HNMR对Tz-6CnQC的化学结构进行表征，通过对Tz-6Cn QC的表面张力、电导率、Krafft点及流变性能测试分析其表面活性，并考察了其降黏、乳化和发泡性能。结果表明，Tz-6C12QC的临界胶束浓度（CMC）为0.17 mmol/L，显著低于疏水烷基链长度相同的十二烷基三甲基溴化铵（DTAB，14.0 mmol/L），并且随着烷基链的增长，CMC呈规律性降低趋势；其发泡性能随烷基链的增长而增强，且发泡量优于十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDS）及十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS），Tz-6C16QC溶液的发泡量可达150 mL；Tz-6CnQC对聚丙烯酰胺（PHIII，Mw＝8×106~1×107）体系具有良好的降黏效果，降黏效率与烷基链长度呈正相关，其中，Tz-6C16QC在高温（45 ℃）高浓度（1 mmol/L）条件下表现出最优性能，Tz-6C16QC/PHIII水溶液降至4.83 Pa·s；Tz-6CnQC的乳化性能呈现浓度依赖性，低浓度（≤1 mmol/L）时乳化性能随烷基链增长而显著增强，高浓度（3~30 mmol/L）时，随烷基链增长而降低，其中浓度为30 mmol/L的Tz-6C12QC溶液分离时间 为1527 min 。

Abstract:

In order to develop surfactants with higher surface activity and investigate the influence of hydrophobic chain length on surface activity, polyquaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactants Tz-6CnQC (n=12, 14, 16) containing rigid triazine spacer groups were prepared by a two-step method using N, N-dimethylalkylamine with different alkyl chain lengths (C12, C14, C16), melamine and epichlorohydrin as raw materials. The chemical structure of Tz-6CnQC was characterized using FTIR and 1H NMR. Its surface activity was analyzed through tests on surface tension, conductivity, Krafft point, and rheological properties, and its viscosity reduction, emulsification, and foaming properties were investigated. The results showed that the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of Tz-6C12QC was 0.17 mmol/L, significantly lower than that of dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB, 14.0 mmol/L) with the same hydrophobic alkyl chain length, and CMC showed a regular decreasing trend with the increase of alkyl chains. The foaming performance of Tz-6CnQC increases with the growth of alkyl chains, and the foaming amount is better than that of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDS) and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS). The foaming amount of Tz-6C16QC solution can reach 150 mL. Tz-6CnQC had good viscosity reduction effect on polyacrylamide (PHIII，Mw＝8×106~1×107) solution, and the viscosity reduction efficiency was positively correlated with the length of alkyl chain. Among them, Tz-6C16QC exhibits the best performance under high temperature (45 ℃) and high concentration (1 mmol/L) conditions, and the Tz-6C16QC/PHIII water-soluble solution reduces to 4.83 Pa·s. The emulsification performance showed concentration dependence. At low concentration (≤ 1 mmol/L), the emulsification performance increases significantly with the increase of alkyl chain, and at high concentration (3-30 mmol/L), it decreases with the increase of alkyl chain. The emulsification performance was significantly enhanced with the growth of alkyl chain at low concentration (≤1 mmol/L), and the growth of chain length at high concentration (3~30 mmol/L) led to the decrease of emulsification performance on the contrary, in which the separation time of Tz-6C12QC solution at 30 mmol/L (1527 min).