金刚烷1,2-二氧环丁烷化学发光成像研究进展

Recent developments in adamantane-1,2-dioxetane-based chemiluminescence imaging

摘要:

金刚烷1,2-二氧环丁烷化学发光探针凭借其无需外源激发、背景干扰极低等特性,已成为生命科学研究和疾病诊断领域的重要工具。相较于传统荧光技术,该探针通过化学激发机制有效避免了生物样本的自发荧光干扰,显著提升了检测灵敏度和信噪比。本文系统综述了该类探针的发光机制优化策略：从第一代Schaap体系的酚氧负离子触发机制,到第二代通过邻位引入吸电子基团实现3000倍的发光强度提升,再到近红外发射改造以增强活体成像穿透深度。重点探讨了其在酶(如硝基还原酶、组织蛋白酶)、活性小分子(活性氧/氮/硫)及离子检测中的创新设计,并展示了其在肿瘤成像、免疫治疗监测等临床应用中的突破性进展。最后,对该技术在特异性提升、量子产率优化等方向面临的挑战与未来发展趋势进行了展望,为开发新一代高灵敏度生物医学检测方法提供参考。

Abstract:

Chemiluminescent probes based on adamantane-1,2-dioxetane scaffolds have emerged as powerful tools in biomedical research due to their unique excitation-free operation and ultra-low background interference, effectively overcoming the autofluorescence limitations of conventional fluorescence techniques to achieve superior detection sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio. This comprehensive review systematically examines the evolution of these probes from first-generation Schaap systems (phenolate anion-triggered) to optimized second-generation designs featuring ortho electron-withdrawing groups (demonstrating 3000-fold intensity enhancement) and near-infrared modifications for deep-tissue imaging, while highlighting their innovative applications in detecting various biomarkers including enzymes (nitroreductase, cathepsin), reactive species (ROS/RNS/RSS), and ions, as well as their clinical breakthroughs in tumor imaging and immunotherapy monitoring, concluding with a critical discussion of current challenges in specificity and quantum yield optimization to guide future development of advanced biomedical detection platforms.