织物用水性聚氨酯/微胶囊热致变色涂料的制备及性能

Preparation and properties of waterborne polyurethane/microcapsules thermochromic coatings for textiles

摘要:

采用异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯（IPDI）、聚ε-己内酯二醇（PCL）及不同的后扩链剂合成了系列水性聚氨酯（WPU），将热致变色微胶囊（TCM）与水性聚氨酯混合，制备了水性聚氨酯/微胶囊热致变色涂料（WPUT）。采用FTIR和SEM对WPU和WPUT的结构与形貌进行了表征，通过TGA、DSC和吸水率等测试探究了WPU和WPUT的性能。结果表明，异佛尔酮二胺（IPDA）作为后扩链剂制备的WPU综合性能最好，乳液粒径为40.47 nm，胶膜具有良好的力学性能和热稳定性。WPU-IPDA与TCM混合制备的WPUT涂覆的涤纶织物具有较好的耐水性，在不同温度的水中浸泡24 h未观察到涂层脱落，当TCM含量为16%时制备的WPUT-16综合性能最优，DSC测试显示其变色温度在57?℃左右，当温度从25?℃升高至62?℃时，织物由黄色变为无色，并在温度降低时恢复为黄色，具有优异的可逆变色性能。
关键词:水性聚氨酯; 热致变色; 涂料; 纺织

Abstract:

A series of waterborne polyurethanes (WPU) were synthesized using isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), poly-ε-caprolactone diol (PCL) and different post chain extenders. Waterborne polyurethane/microcapsule thermochromic coatings (WPUT) were prepared by mixing thermochromic microcapsules (TCM) with waterborne polyurethane. The structure and morphology of WPU and WPUT were characterized using FTIR and SEM, and their properties were investigated through TGA, DSC, and water absorption tests. The results showed that the WPU prepared with isophorone diamine (IPDA) as the post chain extender had the best comprehensive performance, the particle size of emulsion was 40.47 nm and the adhesive film had excellent mechanical properties and thermal stability. The polyester fabric coated with WPUT prepared by mixing WPU-IPDA and TCM has excellent water resistance, with no coating peeling observed after being immersed in water for 24 h. The WPUT-16 prepared with a TCM content of 16% has the best comprehensive performance. The DSC test showed that its color change temperature was around 57 ℃. When the temperature increased from 25 ℃ to 62 ℃, the fabric changed from yellow to colorless and returned to yellow when the temperature decreased, demonstrating excellent reversible color change performance.